资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
担心得罪年轻选民,又承受不住美施压,台当局在兵役问题上躲躲闪闪******
【环球时报特约记者 陈立非】民进党“九合一”惨败后,兵役延长问题成了烫手山芋。一方面蔡英文当局为了2024年台湾地区领导人选举,不敢得罪年轻人;与此同时,美国施压又使兵役延长问题箭在弦上。台媒为此质问道,若兵役延长与军购都因美国的压力,这样的当局还能让民众相信吗?
“当然是政治算计”
台湾《中国时报》19日称,台“国防部长”邱国正多次表示希望兵役延长案能在12月底前公告,如今距离摊牌时刻只剩下不到两周,但政策仍未宣布。原因就在于蔡英文办公室为选举考虑,企图以拖待变。根据台“兵役法”规定,如果义务役期延长一年以内,经“行政院”公告后一年即可实施。也就是说,如果今年12月底前公告,可在2024年实施,如果今年底前未公告,明年才公告,就得等到2025年才能实施。
一名军方官员称,如果是担心对2024年选举造成冲击,“现在不宣布,明年岂不是影响更大?”而如果能赶在今年底前公布,2024年正式恢复一年兵役期,经过精算,2024年满18岁的男子多数都在念大学,第一年征到的役男仅数千人,“连1万人都不到”。报道称,台陆军规划编5个后备新训旅,现已编成步兵117、109、101这3个新训旅,会在明年做好准备。前台南县长苏焕智18日透露,他一个朋友告诉他,民进党选举大败检讨,将延长兵役议题导致年轻人不投票列为败选原因,所以现在不敢再讨论延长兵役问题,怕影响2024年选举。他痛批,如果这个消息属实,是一个非常严重的问题,民进党整个党恐怕会被台湾人看破手脚,蔡英文和赖清德应该出来讲清楚。
国民党主席朱立伦也痛批,民进党凡事都是政治算计,“兵役延长案会不会有政治算计呢?当然是政治算计”。
处理好两岸关系是根本
台“行政院长”苏贞昌18日针对兵役问题称,兵役延长案已在做最后整理,但关于防务、“外交”、两岸,这是蔡英文的职权,“行政院”会全力配合,有新做法会向民众报告。台“国防部”发言人18日称,役期调整议题所涉范围广泛,必须考虑国际及区域情势、防卫作战需求、提升台军战力及役男生涯规划等多方面因素,目前仍在以统整方式缜密研议。联合新闻网称,台军各部门目前仍在朝着不通过“立法院”修法的途径,以“恢复征兵制”、延长役期为一年进行规划,并且安排配套措施。
台军内部对于兵役延长看法不一。台“退辅会主委”冯世宽19日称,4个月的军事训练役实在太短,延长军事训练役合情合理,“的确要当一个战斗兵或者战斗人员,4个月的时间是不够的”,现在就是静待“国防部”的研究。有退役将领认为,兵役不但要延长,而且要延长到两年,延长到一年并不够。
但也有军方人士认为,现在台湾部队训练资源不足,再加上干部缺乏见识、知识、胆识情况下所形成的“部队文化”,无法吸引年轻人,军队又不愿投入扎实的训练,役期即使延长至一年,只具有心理安慰作用,既提升不了战力,又浪费了资源。该将领直言,民进党应该处理好两岸关系,这才是根本,延长役期不是解决之道。这次“九合一”选举,在野势力提出的“票选民进党,青年上战场”,使民进党全面崩盘,老百姓用选票清楚告诉民进党,他们不要战争。
蔡当局不敢违逆美方
延长兵役问题对民进党当局来说,似乎已是箭在弦上。《中国时报》19日称,如果民进党按照规划于12月底前宣布,等于承认当政多年把台海推到兵凶战危的处境,对2024年选举怎么会有利?但“役期延长是美方的要求,蔡政府咬牙也要推”。美国要台当局强化台军后备战力,蔡当局如实推动;美国要台湾增加防务预算,蔡当局照办;现在要台军恢复征兵,延长役期,“尽管对选举有影响,蔡政府也不可能违逆美方”。
所以,绿营目前就是试图把责任推到台军和马英九头上,要军方承认马当年推动募兵制是个错误。联合新闻网19日嘲讽称,当下绿营比蓝营更爱高喊“重视国防”,但是一旦出状况、抢着要自保时,台军永远不是绿营自己人,总还是要推出去挡子弹。《中国时报》19日称,马英九当局当年实施募兵制有两大背景:一是两岸关系缓和,二是役期只剩一年,等于年年在训练新兵,浪费军中资源,也浪费年轻人的时间。而且蔡英文2016年参选前推出“国防蓝皮书”,表示支持募兵制,为何直到美方要求才想恢复征兵制?文章称,美方要台积电赴美设厂,上千名工程师及家眷赴美,美国打什么算盘,绝大多数民众都看得懂,因此在11月26日举行的“九合一”选举中以选票作出回应,那就是民众不希望台湾变成战场,“选举惨败的民进党,还看不出问题出在哪里?”(环球时报)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)